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Interface Systems
Interface Systems
Wireless Access Solutions to the Local Loop
Narrowband and Broadband Markets for Last Mile Voice and Data Technologies

Wireless Local Loop technology, with over five million lines installed, will finally begin to develop as third-generation technologies are introduced into the mobile air interfaces. Although the pace will not be as great as previously imagined by many, access to the local loop will be driven by the overall world emergence of wireless systems and the new economies of scale to be introduced during the next few years as the digital air interface technologies become more robust. These economies should bring an acceptable price-per-line to the plate. This report examines the market trends, technologies, vendors and the dynamics behind the growth within each region. A list of existing systems and trials is examined as well as the vendors, products and contracts. Line forecasts and market share scenarios for over fifty nations with moderate and aggressive technology forecasts are given, along with market forecasts by technology and equipment.





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  Release Date : March 6, 2000


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Table of Contents

Section ES
Executive Summary 

    ES.1 Introduction

    ES.2 Fixed/Mobile Model

    ES.3 WLL Technology Use

    ES.4 WLL Subscriber Growth

    ES.5 Factors Affecting WLL Implementation

    ES.6 WLL Vendors

    ES.7 WLL World Market

    ES.8 Comparison of Fixed and Fixed/Mobile WLL Systems

    ES.9 Frequency - A Market Inhibitor

    ES.10 Infrastructure

Section 1
Technology 

    1.1 Introduction

    1.2 WLL Configurations

    1.3 Features of WLL Technology

    1.4 WLL Networks for Urban and Rural Distribution

    1.5 WLL Infrastructure Components

    1.6 WLL Infrastructure Costs and Line Revenues

    1.7 Technology Forecasts for WLL

    1.8 Definitions of WLL Technologies

    1.8.1 WLL Infrastructure

    1.8.1.1 Base Stations

    1.8.1.2 Subscriber Terminals

    1.8.1.3 PSTN Interface

    1.8.1.4 Other Components

    1.8.2 Analog Systems

    1.8.2.1 AMPS

    1.8.2.2 TACS, ETACS, NTACS

    1.8.2.3 NMT 450: Nordic Mobile Telephone / 450 MHz
    NMT 900: Nordic Mobile Telephone / 900 MHz

    1.8.3 Digital Systems

    1.8.3.1 TDMA

    1.8.3.2 GSM

    1.8.3.2.1 GSM/DCS-1800: Personal Communications Systems 1800

    GSM/PCS-1900: Personal Communications Systems 1900

    1.8.3.3 DECT

    1.8.3.4 PDC or JDC

    1.8.3.5 PHS: Personal HandyPhone System (Japan)

    PACS: Personal Access Communications System (US)

    1.8.3.6 D-AMPS

    1.8.3.7 IS-54: Interim Standard 54 (IS-136: Interim Standard 136)

    1.8.3.8 PACS

    1.8.3.9 E-TDMA

    1.8.3.10 CDMA IS-95: Interim Standard 95

    1.8.3.11 B-CDMA

    1.9 CDMA vs. TDMA

    1.10 Other Telephony Technologies

    1.10.1 ADSL/DSL

    1.10.2 ISDN

    1.10.3 Satellites/DAMA

    1.10.4 Cable Modems

Section 2
Market Considerations and Infrastructure Alternatives 

    2.1 Overview

    2.2 Market Factors

    2.2.1 WLL Demand Considerations

    2.2.2 Wireless Alternatives to Telephony Infrastructure

    2.2.2.1 Cellular/PCS

    2.2.2.2 LMDS, MMDS and the ISF Band

    2.2.3 Wireless vs. Wireline Costs

    2.2.3.1 Installation Costs

    2.2.3.2 Maintenance

    2.3 Frequency - A Market Inhibitor

    2.4 WLL Implementation Considerations

    2.4.1 Costs per Line

    2.4.2 Voice and Data

    2.4.3 Security

    2.4.4 System Profitability

    2.4.5 Environments

    2.4.6 Hybrid Fixed/Mobile

    2.4.7 Traffic

    2.4.8 Demands on Technology

    2.4.9 Other Considerations

    2.5 Existing Infrastructure

    2.5.1 Traditional Telephony Infrastructure - Wireline

    2.5.1.1 Twisted Copper Pair

    2.5.1.2 Hybrid Fiber Coax Architecture

    2.6 Emerging Markets

    2.7 Forecasting Considerations

    2.8 Developed vs. Developing World WLL Growth

    2.9 Rural vs. Urban Areas WLL Growth

Section 3
Broadband Technologies in the Local Loop 

    3.1 Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Services

    3.1.1 MMDS in the Local Loop

    3.1.2 Technology

    3.1.3 MMDS Frequency Bands

    3.1.4 System Architecture, Costs, Deployment Ease

    3.1.5 Air Interface

    3.1.6 Capacity

    3.1.7 Bandwidth on Demand

    3.1.8 Strategy

    3.1.9 Conclusions for Local Loop

    3.1.10 Global Deployment Forecasts

    3.2 Local Multipoint Distribution Services

    3.2.1. LMDS In the Local Loop, Developed vs. Undeveloped Regions, Urban vs. Rural

    3.2.2 System Architecture, Deployment, Costs

    3.2.3 Services

    3.2.4 Frequency of Operation

    3.2.5 Performance

    3.2.6 Reliability for the Local Loop

    3.2.7 Line-of-Sight Communications

    3.2.8 Global Deployment Forecasts

    3.3 Leading Non-MMDS, Non-LMDS Alternatives

    3.3.1 Unlicensed Spectrum

    3.3.2 902 to 928 MHz ISM Band

    3.3.2.1 ISM Band for Local Loop Applications

    3.3.3 2.4 GHz Band 2400 to 2483.5 MHz (ISM)

    3.3.3.1 2.4 GHz in the Local Loop

    3.3.4 U-NII 5.15 to 5.35 GHz and 5.725 to 5.825 GHz

    3.3.4.1 Regulations

    3.3.3.2 Equipment Market

    3.3.3.3 Expectations

    3.4 Licensed Spectrum

    3.4.1 PCS for the Local Loop 1.9 GHz

    3.4.1.1 Nextwave

    3.4.1.1.1 Nextwave Services and Market and Expectations

    3.5 Future Spectrum

    3.6 Alternate Spectrum Local Loop Forecasts

Section 4
Eastern Europe 

    4.1 Overview

    4.1.1 Eastern Europe Forecasts

    4.2 Bulgaria

    4.2.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Bulgaria

    4.2.2 Mobile Subscribers, Bulgaria

    4.2.3 Fixed Systems/Trials, Bulgaria

    4.2.4 WLL Forecasts, Bulgaria

    4.3 Czech Republic

    4.3.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Czech Republic

    4.3.2 Mobile Subscribers, Czech Republic

    4.3.3 Fixed Systems/Trials, Czech Republic

    4.3.4 WLL Forecasts, Czech Republic

    4.4 Hungary

    4.4.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Hungary

    4.4.2 Mobile Subscribers, Hungary

    4.4.3 Fixed Systems/Trials, Hungary

    4.4.4 WLL Forecasts, Hungary

    4.5 Poland

    4.5.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Poland

    4.5.2 Mobile Subscribers, Poland

    4.5.3 WLL systems/Trials, Poland

    4.5.4 WLL Forecasts, Poland

    4.6 Russia

    4.6.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Russia

    4.6.2 Mobile Subscribers, Russia

    4.6.3 WLL Systems/Trials, Russia

    4.6.4 WLL Forecasts, Russia

    4.7 Turkey

    4.7.1 Teledensity/ Growth Factors, Turkey

    4.7.2 Mobile Subscribers, Turkey

    4.7.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Turkey

    4.7.4 WLL Forecasts, Turkey

    4.8 Ukraine

    4.8.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Ukraine

    4.8.2 WLL Trials/Systems, Ukraine

    4.8.3 WLL Forecasts, Ukraine

    4.9 Other Eastern Europe

    4.9.1 WLL Trials/Systems, Other Eastern Europe

    4.9.2 WLL Forecasts, Other Eastern Europe

Section 5
Asia-Pacific 

    5.1 Overview

    5.1.1 Asia-Pacific WLL Forecasts

    5.2.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Australia

    5.2.2 Mobile Subscribers, Australia

    5.2.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Australia

    5.2.4 WLL Forecasts, Australia

    5.3 China

    5.3.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, China

    5.3.2 Mobile Subscribers, China

    5.3.3 WLL Trials/Systems, China

    5.3.4 WLL Forecasts, China

    5.4 Japan

    5.4.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Japan

    5.4.2 Mobile Subscribers, Japan

    5.4.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Japan

    5.4.4 WLL Forecasts,

    5.5 Hong Kong

    5.5.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Hong Kong

    5.5.2 Mobile Subscribers, Hong Kong

    5.5.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Hong Kong

    5.5.4 WLL Forecasts, Hong Kong

    5.6 India

    5.6.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, India

    5.6.2 Mobile Subscribers, India

    5.6.3 WLL Trials/Systems, India

    5.6.4 WLL Forecasts, India

    5.7 Indonesia

    5.7.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Indonesia

    5.7.2 Mobile Subscribers, Indonesia

    5.7.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Indonesia

    5.7.4 WLL Forecasts, Indonesia

    5.8 South Korea

    5.8.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, South Korea

    5.8.2 Mobile Subscribers, South Korea

    5.8.3 WLL Trials/Systems, South Korea

    5.8.4 WLL Forecasts, South Korea

    5.9 Taiwan

    5.9.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Taiwan

    5.9.2 Mobile Subscribers, Taiwan

    5.9.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Taiwan

    5.9.4 WLL Projections, Taiwan

    5.10 Vietnam

    5.10.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Vietnam

    5.10.2 Mobile Subscribers, Vietnam

    5.10.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Vietnam

    5.10.4 WLL Forecasts, Vietnam

    5.11 Thailand

    5.11.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Thailand

    5.11.2 Mobile Subscribers, Thailand

    5.11.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Thailand

    5.11.4 WLL Forecasts, Thailand

    5.12 Philippines

    5.12.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Philippines

    5.12.2 Mobile Subscribers, Philippines

    5.12.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Philippines

    5.12.4 WLL Forecasts, Philippines

    5.13 Cambodia

    5.13.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Cambodia

    5.13.2 Mobile Subscribers, Cambodia

    5.13.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Cambodia

    5.13.4 WLL Projections, Cambodia

    5.14 Malaysia

    5.14.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Malaysia

    5.14.2 Mobile Subscribers, Malaysia

    5.14.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Malaysia

    5.14.4 WLL Forecasts, Malaysia

    5.15 Singapore

    5.15.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Singapore

    5.15.2 Mobile Subscribers, Singapore

    5.15.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Singapore

    5.15.4 WLL Forecasts, Singapore

    5.16 Other Asia-Pacific

    5.16.1 Bangladesh

    5.16.2 Burma

    5.16.3 Sri Lanka

Section 6
Latin America 

    6.1 Overview

    6.1.1 Latin America WLL Forecasts

    6.2 Argentina

    6.2.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Argentina

    6.2.2 Mobile Subscribers, Argentina

    6.2.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Argentina

    6.2.4 WLL Forecasts, Argentina

    6.3 Brazil

    6.3.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Brazil

    6.3.2 Mobile Subscribers, Brazil

    6.3.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Brazil

    6.3.4 WLL Forecasts, Brazil

    6.4 Chile

    6.4.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Chile

    6.4.2 Mobile Subscribers, Chile

    6.4.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Chile

    6.4.4 WLL Forecasts, Chile

    6.5 Colombia

    6.5.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Colombia

    6.5.2 Mobile Subscribers, Colombia

    6.5.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Colombia

    6.5.4 WLL Forecasts, Colombia

    6.6 Mexico

    6.6.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Mexico

    6.6.2 Mobile Subscribers, Mexico

    6.6.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Mexico

    6.6.4 WLL Forecasts, Mexico

    6.7 Paraguay

    6.7.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Paraguay

    6.7.2 Mobile Subscribers, Paraguay

    6.7.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Paraguay

    6.7.4 WLL Forecasts, Paraguay

    6.8 Peru

    6.8.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Peru

    6.8.2 Mobile Subscribers, Peru

    6.8.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Peru

    6.8.4 WLL Forecasts, Peru

    6.9 Uruguay

    6.9.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Uruguay

    6.9.2 Mobile Subscribers, Uruguay

    6.9.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Uruguay

    6.9.4 WLL Forecasts, Uruguay

    6.10 Venezuela

    6.10.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Venezuela

    6.10 2 Mobile Subscribers, Venezuela

    6.10.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Venezuela

    6.10.4 WLL Forecasts, Venezuela

    6.11 Other Latin America

    6.11.1 Bolivia

    6.11.2 Dominican Republic

    6.11.3 El Salvador

    6.11.4 WLL Forecasts, Other Latin America

Section 7
North America 

    7.1 Overview

    7.2 United States

    7.2.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, US

    7.2.2 Mobile Subscribers, US

    7.2.3 WLL Trials/Systems, US

    7.2.4 WLL Forecasts, US

    7.3 Canada

    7.3.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Canada

    7.3.2 Mobile Subscribers, Canada

    7.3.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Canada

    7.3.4 WLL Forecasts, Canada

Section 8
Africa 

    8.1 Overview

    8.1.1 Africa WLL Forecasts

    8.2 Algeria

    8.2.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Algeria

    8.2.2 Mobile Subscribers, Algeria

    8.2.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Algeria

    8.2.4 WLL Forecasts, Algeria

    8.4 Ghana

    8.4.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Ghana

    8.4.2 Mobile Subscribers, Ghana

    8.4.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Ghana

    8.4.4 WLL Forecasts, Ghana

    8.5 Ivory Coast

    8.5.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Ivory Coast

    8.5.2 Mobile Subscribers, Ivory Coast

    8.5.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Ivory Coast

    8.5.4 WLL Forecasts, Ivory Coast

    8.6 Namibia

    8.6.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Namibia

    8.6.2 Mobile Subscribers, Namibia

    8.6.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Namibia

    8.6.4 WLL Forecasts, Namibia

    8.7 Nigeria

    8.7.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Nigeria

    8.7.2 Mobile Subscribers, Nigeria

    8.7.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Nigeria

    8.7.4 WLL Forecasts, Nigeria

    8.8 South Africa

    8.8.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, South Africa

    8.8.2 Mobile Subscribers, South Africa

    8.8.3 WLL Trials/Systems, South Africa

    8.8.4 WLL Forecasts, South Africa

    8.9 Kenya

    8.9.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Kenya

    8.9.2 Mobile Subscribers, Kenya

    8.9.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Kenya

    8.9.4 WLL Forecasts, Kenya

    8.10 Libya

    8.10.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Libya

    8.10.2 Mobile Subscribers, Libya

    8.10.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Libya

    8.10.4 WLL Forecasts, Libya

    8.11 Morocco

    8.11.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Morocco

    8.11.2 Mobile Subscribers, Morocco

    8.11.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Morocco

    8.11.4 WLL Forecasts, Morocco

    8.12 Reunion

    8.12.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Reunion

    8.12.2 Mobile Subscribers, Reunion

    8.12.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Reunion

    8.13 Tunisia

    8.13.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Tunisia

    8.13.2 Mobile Subscribers, Tunisia

    8.13.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Tunisia

    8.13.4 WLL Forecasts, Tunisia

    8.14 Other Africa

    8.14.1 WLL Forecasts, Other Africa

Section 9
Middle East 

    9.1 Overview

    9.2 Israel

    9.2.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Israel

    9.2.2 Mobile Subscribers, Israel

    9.2.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Israel

    9.3 Jordan

    9.3.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Jordan

    9.3.2 Mobile Subscribers, Jordan

    9.3.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Jordan

    9.4 Saudi Arabia

    9.4.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Saudi Arabia

    9.4.2 Mobile Subscribers, Saudi Arabia

    9.4.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Saudi Arabia

    9.5 Egypt

    9.5.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Egypt

    9.5.2 Mobile Subscribers, Egypt

    9.5.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Egypt

    9.6. Iran

    9.6.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Iran

    9.6.2 Mobile Subscribers, Iran

    9.6.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Iran

    9.7 Yemen

    9.7.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Yemen

    9.7.2 Mobile Subscribers, Yemen

    9.7.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Yemen

    9.8 Kuwait

    9.8.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Kuwait

    9.8.2 Mobile Subscribers, Kuwait

    9.8.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Kuwait

    9.9 Bahrain

    9.9.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Bahrain

    9.9.2 Mobile Subscribers, Bahrain

    9.9.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Bahrain

    9.10 United Arab Emirates

    9.10.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, UAE

    9.10.2 Mobile Subscribers, UAE

    9.10.3 WLL Trials/Systems, UAE

Section 10
Western Europe 

    10.1 Overview

    10.1.1 Western Europe WLL Forecasts

    10.2 Austria

    10.2.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Austria

    10.2.2 Mobile Subscribers, Austria

    10.2.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Austria

    10.3 Belgium

    10.3.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Belgium

    10.3.2 Mobile Subscribers, Belgium

    10.3.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Belgium

    10.4 Denmark

    10.4.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Denmark

    10.4.2 Mobile Subscribers, Denmark

    10.4.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Denmark

    10.5 Finland

    10.5.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Finland

    10.5.2 Mobile Subscribers, Finland

    10.5.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Finland

    10.6 France

    10.6.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, France

    10.6.2 Mobile Subscribers, France

    10.6.3 WLL Trials/Systems, France

    10.7 Germany

    10.7.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Germany

    10.7.2 Mobile Subscribers, Germany

    10.7.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Germany

    10.8 Greece

    10.8.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Greece

    10.8.2 Mobile Subscribers, Greece

    10.8.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Greece

    10.9 Ireland

    10.9.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Ireland

    10.9.2 Mobile Subscribers, Ireland

    10.9.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Ireland

    10.10 Italy

    10.10.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Italy

    10.10.2 Mobile Subscribers, Italy

    10.10.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Italy

    10.11 Netherlands

    10.11.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Netherlands

    10.11.2 Mobile Subscribers, Netherlands

    10.11.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Netherlands

    10.12 Norway

    10.12.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Norway

    10.12.2 Mobile Subscribers, Norway

    10.12.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Norway

    10.13 Portugal

    10.13.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Portugal

    10.13.2 Mobile Subscribers, Portugal

    10.13.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Portugal

    10.14 Spain

    10.14.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Spain

    10.14.2 Mobile Subscribers, Spain

    10.14.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Spain

    10.15 Sweden

    10.15.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Sweden

    10.15.2 Mobile Subscribers, Sweden

    10.15.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Sweden

    10.16 Switzerland

    10.16.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, Switzerland

    10.16.2 Mobile Subscribers, Switzerland

    10.16.3 WLL Trials/Systems, Switzerland

    10.17 United Kingdom

    10.17.1 Teledensity/Growth Factors, UK

    10.17.2 Mobile Subscribers, UK

    10.17.3 WLL Trials/Systems, UK

Section 11
Activity by Vendor and Region 

    11.1 Nokia

    11.1.1 Nokia Activity, Eastern Europe

    11.1.2 Nokia Activity, Asia-Pacific

    11.1.3 Nokia Activity, Latin America

    11.1.4 Nokia Activity, North America

    11.1.5 Nokia Activity, Africa

    11.1.6 Nokia Activity, Middle East

    11.1.6 Nokia Activity, Western Europe

    11.2 Ericsson

    11.2.1 Ericsson Activity, Eastern Europe

    11.2.2 Ericsson Activity, Asia-Pacific

    11.2.3 Ericsson Activity, Latin America

    11.2.4 Ericsson Activity, North America

    11.2.5 Ericsson Activity, Africa

    11.2.6 Ericsson Activity, Middle East

    11.2.7 Ericsson Activity, Western Europe

    11.3 Lucent

    11.3.1 Lucent Activity, Eastern Europe

    11.3.2 Lucent Activity, Asia-Pacific

    11.3.3 Lucent Activity, Latin America

    11.3.4 Lucent Activity, North American

    11.3.5 Lucent Activity, Africa

    11.3.6 Lucent Activity, Middle East

    11.3.6 Lucent Activity, Western Europe

    11.4 Motorola

    11.4.1 Motorola Activity, Eastern Europe

    11.4.2 Motorola Activity, Asia-Pacific

    11.4.3 Motorola Activity, Latin America

    11.4.4 Motorola Activity, North America

    11.4.5 Motorola Activity, Africa

    11.4.6 Motorola Activity, Middle East

    11.4.7 Motorola Activity, Western Europe

    11.5 Siemens

    11.5.1 Siemens Activity, Eastern Europe

    11.5.2 Siemens Activity, Asia-Pacific

    11.5.3 Siemens Activity, Latin America

    11.5.4 Siemens Activity, North America

    11.5.5 Siemens Activity, Africa

    11.5.6 Siemens Activity, Middle East

    11.5.7 Siemens Activity, Western Europe

    11.6 Nortel

    11.6.1 Nortel Activity, Eastern Europe

    11.6.2 Nortel Activity, Asia-Pacific

    11.6.3 Nortel Activity, Latin America

    11.6.4 Nortel Activity, North America

    11.6.5 Nortel Activity, Africa

    11.6.6 Nortel Activity, Middle East

    11.6.7 Nortel Activity, Western Europe

    11.7 Hughes

    11.7.1 Hughes Activity, Eastern Europe

    11.7.2 Hughes Activity, Asia-Pacific

    11.7.3 Hughes Activity, Latin America

    11.7.4 Hughes Activity, North America

    11.7.5 Hughes Activity, Africa

    11.7.6 Hughes Activity, Middle East

    11.7.7 Hughes Activity, Western Europe

    11.8 SPT Telecom

    11.8.1 SPT Telecom Activity, Eastern Europe

    11.8.2 SPT Telecom Activity, Asia-Pacific

    11.8.3 SPT Telecom Activity, Latin America

    11.8.4 SPT Telecom Activity, North America

    11.8.5 SPT Telecom Activity, Africa

    11.8.6 SPT Telecom Activity, Middle East

    11.8.7 SPT Telecom Activity, Western Europe

    11.9 Alcatel

    11.9.1 Alcatel Activity, Eastern Europe

    11.9.2 Alcatel Activity, Asia-Pacific

    11.9.3 Alcatel Activity, Latin America

    11.9.4 Alcatel Activity, North America

    11.9.5 Alcatel Activity, Africa

    11.9.6 Alcatel Activity, Middle East

    11.9.7 Alcatel Activity, Western Europe

    11.10 Qualcomm (now Ericsson)

    11.10.1 Qualcomm Activity, Eastern Europe

    11.10.2 Qualcomm Activity, Asia-Pacific

    11.10.3 Qualcomm Activity, Latin America

    11.10.4 Qualcomm Activity, North America

    11.10.5 Qualcomm Activity, Africa

    11.10.6 Qualcomm Activity, Middle East

    11.10.7 Qualcomm Activity, Western Europe

    11.11 NEC

    11.11.1 NEC Activity, Eastern Europe

    11.11.2 NEC Activity, Asia-Pacific

    11.11.3 NEC Activity, Latin America

    11.11.4 NEC Activity, North America

    11.11.5 NEC Activity, Africa

    11.11.6 NEC Activity, Middle East

    11.11.7 NEC Activity, Western Europe

    11.12 Interdigital

    11.12.1 Interdigital Activity, Eastern Europe

    11.12.2 Interdigital Activity, Asia-Pacific

    11.12.3 Interdigital Activity, Latin America

    11.12.4 Interdigital Activity, North America

    11.12.5 Interdigital Activity, Africa

    11.12.6 Interdigital Activity, Middle East

    11.12.7 Interdigital Activity, Western Europe

    11.13 Arraycomm

    11.13.1 Arraycomm Activity, Eastern Europe

    11.13.2 Arraycomm Activity, Asia-Pacific

    11.13.3 Arraycomm Activity, Latin America

    11.13.4 Arraycomm Activity, North America

    11.13.5 Arraycomm Activity, Africa

    11.13.6 Arraycomm Activity, Middle East

    11.13.7 Arraycomm Activity, Western Europe

    11.14 Samsung Electronics

    11.14.1 Samsung Activity, Eastern Europe

    11.14.2 Samsung Activity, Asia-Pacific

    11.14.3 Samsung Activity, Latin America

    11.14.4 Samsung Activity, North American

    11.14.5 Samsung Activity, Africa

    11.14.6 Samsung Activity, Middle East

    11.14.7 Samsung Activity, Western Europe

Appendix A
Company Directory

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